New natural history GCSE in UK to teach students wildlife-friendly gardening

The UK government on Thursday unveiled long-awaited plans for a new natural history GCSE in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, following more than a decade of campaigning for the study of biodiversity loss and global heating to become a dedicated school subject.

According to the published consultation document, the curriculum will cover three core areas: UK habitats and wildlife; human influence on the natural world; and the study of climate breakdown, biodiversity loss and conservation. Naturalist and presenter Steve Backshall said this generation would face some of the biggest challenges in human history, and the qualification would provide the knowledge and tools to understand and help solve those challenges.

Students will learn about human impacts such as fishing and deforestation, as well as everyday actions like creating wildlife-friendly gardens and reducing roadside verge mowing that can support biodiversity. A key part of the GCSE will be dedicated outdoor time, with teachers required to include at least 20 hours of fieldwork.

Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson emphasised that fieldwork could take place on school grounds or in a local park, making the qualification accessible to all young people, not just those who can afford expensive trips. Stephanie Holt of the Natural History Museum noted that focusing on hours outside rather than days would allow teachers and students to concentrate on local species. Phillipson added that the GCSE would complement existing subjects like biology and geography, and bring classroom knowledge into the community in a hands-on way.

Doug Gurr, director of the Natural History Museum, said the GCSE would offer a more accessible way of learning by combining book learning with practical activities. The government has faced criticism for undervaluing nature, with Prime Minister Keir Starmer and Chancellor Rachel Reeves repeatedly positioning it as a barrier to economic growth. However, Phillipson argued that growth and the natural environment are not in conflict, and the GCSE will support young people's interest in the natural world. The first teaching of natural history is planned to coincide with the introduction of revised GCSEs following the recent curriculum and assessment review.