In Myanmar, Rebels Lose Ground as Military Forces Men into Army

Four young men who escaped forced conscription reveal they never wanted to be part of Myanmar's civil war. They were snatched off the street returning from work or a karaoke session, and without any choice were sent to the front. After four months of training, they deserted and walked into a People's Defence Force (PDF) patrol. They say they are treated like brothers, but will eventually be taken to the Thai border to avoid military retaliation.

The junta, which seized power in 2021, began enforcing a conscription law in 2024, requiring a minimum two-year service. This policy has significantly shifted the war's dynamics. Two years ago, rebels made sweeping gains, but now they are on the defensive. The military still controls less than half the country but has retaken key towns and a strategic road from Mandalay to Myitkyina.

PDF battalion commander Ko Kaung says forced conscription has given the military limitless manpower, while rebel resources are constrained. His men captured the town of Hpapun in Karen state two years ago, but now the junta is advancing with drones and thousands of soldiers to retake it.

Another commander, Da Wa, notes that conscripts, though unwilling, are becoming better fighters. Since a security pact with Russia, the junta has more air power and superior drones. China-brokered ceasefires with some rebel groups and restrictions on weapons supplies further weaken the resistance.

Platoon commander Kyar Soe, injured by a landmine, highlights severe weapons shortages. He vows to return to fight despite losing part of his foot. Myanmar is one of the most heavily mined countries; last year 745 people were killed or injured by landmines.

Dr. Saung runs a field hospital on a shoestring budget, treating wounded rebels. He motivates them to continue the revolution. A baby girl born in the hospital is named Sue Paye, meaning "fulfilled wish." Her father hopes she grows up in a free and democratic Myanmar.