India marks Dussehra, Hindu festival of good triumphing over evil

Millions of people across India are marking Dussehra, one of the country's most widely observed Hindu festivals. The celebrations include processions, prayers and the ceremonial burning of giant effigies, symbolising the triumph of good over evil. Rituals and traditions differ from region to region, but large-scale festivities take place everywhere.

Two stories behind the festival

Dussehra most commonly commemorates the deity Lord Ram's victory over the mythological 10-headed king Ravan. It coincides with Vijayadashami, observed in eastern, southern and other parts of India to honour the goddess Durga, who slew the buffalo demon Mahishasura.

Hindus follow a lunar calendar, and Dussehra falls on the 10th day after Navratri, a nine-night festival of worship and celebration. It also marks the start of preparations for Diwali, the festival of lights, held 20 days later.

Northern India: Ramlila

In northern India, performers in elaborate costumes and make-up stage Ramlila in the days before the festival, a dramatic retelling of the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana. It recounts Ram's exile, the abduction of his wife Sita by Ravan, and the battle symbolising the victory of good over evil. After the final act, effigies of Ravan, his brother Kumbhkaran and his son Meghnath are burnt. The performances are typically accompanied by a carnival-like atmosphere with food stalls, rides and smaller shows.

Eastern India: Durga Puja

In the east and some other regions, as well as among Hindus in Bangladesh, devotees worship the divine feminine power through Durga Puja. Temporary tents housing idols of Durga and other deities are set up across cities and towns. People visit these structures, known as pandals, where Durga is often shown slaying Mahishasura. In Kolkata, famous for its Durga Puja, current affairs sometimes feature in theme-based tent decorations. Traditional dances such as Gujarat's Garba are a key part of community celebrations.